• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A clocked flyback converter circuit for the direct operation of lighting means has a transformer (5) with a primary winding (4), which are coupled to a controllable switch (7), and a secondary winding (6) to which the lighting means (11) can be coupled, a Control unit (14) for controlling the switch (7), and means (8) for direct or indirect detection of the current through the switch (7) when switched on and for supplying a signal reproducing this current to the control unit (14). The control unit (14) is designed to switch off the switch (7) when the signal reproducing the current has reached a variable switch-off threshold (IS), to change the switch-off threshold (IS) to change the power transmitted by the flyback converter circuit (3), and to reduce the switch-off threshold (IS) for the current signal only to a minimum value and to switch from operation in limit mode to discontinuous operation to achieve a further reduction in the power transmitted by the flyback converter circuit (3) with a fixed switch-off threshold (IS).
    公开号:AT16896U1
    申请号:TGM223/2015U
    申请日:2015-07-27
    公开日:2020-11-15
    发明作者:Mitterbacher Andre
    申请人:Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    CLOCKED BLOCKING CONVERTER CIRCUIT
    The present invention relates to a clocked flyback converter circuit and a method for controlling a clocked flyback converter circuit. The invention relates in particular to a clocked flyback converter for directly operating one or more light-emitting diodes.
    A flyback converter, also called step-down converter (English "flypack converter"), is a DC voltage converter that transfers electrical energy between an input and an output side by means of a transformer in a galvanically decoupled manner can be converted into a direct voltage with a different voltage level with little circuitry effort.
    From WO 2012/167294 A1 a clocked flyback converter circuit is known in which a control unit a switch coupled to the primary coil of the transformer to ground for clocking the flyback converter selectively with a certain frequency and duty cycle switches on and off again, the controllable by the Switch current flowing is monitored after being switched off and switching on again when the current crosses zero. WO 2012/167294 A1 proposes using such a clocked flyback converter circuit to directly feed a light-emitting diode (LED).
    However, WO 2012/167294 A1 does not disclose how the output power can be dimmed or varied when one or more light-emitting diodes are operated directly on the flyback converter circuit, in particular without a further actively clocked converter stage.
    The light emission of a light emitting diode depends on the current flow through the light emitting diode. For brightness control or brightness regulation, light-emitting diodes are therefore typically operated in a mode in which the current flow through the light-emitting diode is changed by an operating device.
    WO 2013/092734 A1 discloses a converter for brightness control (dimming) of light emitting diodes by means of pulse width modulation (PWM), in which the duty cycle is changed in a first and a second dimming range with a first and second constant amplitude of the LED current to cover a large total dimming range. The brightness control takes place here only according to a dimming specification.
    For an exact control or regulation, especially with different loads, measured variables must be recorded by the control unit in order to be able to counteract any deviations from predetermined operating parameters, such as light color and brightness, or shifts in the light spectrum at different dimming levels.
    [0008] Additional components / circuits are required for the acquisition of the measured variables and the generation of corresponding signals which can be fed to the control circuit or can be processed by it, which makes the structure complex and expensive overall.
    [0009] The invention is based on the object of specifying devices and methods which reduce the problems described. The object is, in particular, to provide a clocked flyback converter circuit for the direct operation of one or more illuminants and a method for controlling a flyback converter circuit which allow precise control and regulation over a large load range with a simple and inexpensive structure.
    [0010] This object is achieved according to the features of the independent claims. The invention is further developed by the features of the dependent claims.
    According to the present invention, a clocked flyback converter circuit for operating one or more lighting means includes a controllable switch, a transformer with a primary winding coupled to the controllable switch and a secondary winding to which the lighting means can be coupled, a control unit for controlling the switch, and
    Means for direct or indirect detection of the current through the switch in the switched-on state and for supplying a signal reproducing this current to the control unit. In order to cover a large load / dimming range or to enable precise control or regulation even with low load / dimming ranges, the flyback converter circuit works in limit operation and in discontinuous operation with low load / dimming ranges.
    As soon as the signal reproducing the current has reached a switch-off threshold which can be changed to change / adjust the power to be transmitted by the flyback converter circuit after switching on the switch, the control unit switches the switch off again. The control unit only reduces the switch-off threshold to a predetermined minimum value and the control unit changes from operation in limit mode to discontinuous operation with a switch-off threshold fixed at the minimum value to achieve a further reduction in the power to be transmitted by the flyback converter circuit.
    [0013] The lamp or lamps can be light-emitting diodes.
    The control unit can be set up so that it turns off the switch both in limit operation and in discontinuous operation as soon as the signal representing the current reaches the switch-off threshold or the predetermined minimum value.
    The control unit can have a comparator for comparing the signal representing the current with a signal representing the minimum value.
    The control unit can be designed in such a way that the switch-off threshold in the limit operation and / or the time at which the switch is switched on again in the discontinuous operation is changed in accordance with a dimming signal supplied to the control unit.
    The transformer advantageously has a primary-side auxiliary winding to which the control unit is coupled to determine a profile of the voltage drop across the auxiliary winding, the control unit in the discontinuous operation the switch at a time when this voltage is at a minimum is zero in the voltage curve, switches on again.
    In the discontinuous operation, the control unit can determine a point in time for switching on the switch again according to the power to be transmitted and, if in a cycle, the point in time at which the voltage across the auxiliary winding is zero after a minimum in the voltage curve and at which the Switch was switched on after the determined point in time, switch the switch on again in a next cycle at a point in time at which the voltage across the auxiliary winding is zero after a minimum in the voltage curve and which is before the determined point in time.
    Alternatively or additionally, the control unit can continuously determine a current mean value delivered to the lighting means based on the actual time of switching on the switch in discontinuous operation and regulate the mean current value to a current mean value specified according to the power to be transmitted by changing the time of switching on again , whereby a difference is formed between the predetermined average current value for a restart cycle and the actual average current value of the restart cycle and this difference is added to the predetermined average current value for the next restart cycle. The restart time in each cycle is asked for a minimum, especially after a zero crossing of the voltage curve.
    An operating device for light emitting diodes according to the present invention has one of the clocked flyback converter circuits described above.
    According to the present invention, a method for controlling a transformer having clocked flyback converter circuit, in which a primary winding of the transformer is coupled to a controllable switch and a secondary winding of the transformer is coupled to one or more lighting means, the steps of: controlling the switch; and detecting the current flowing through the switch and generating this current again
    corresponding signal; The switch is switched off when the signal indicates that the current has reached a variable switch-off threshold, and the switch-off threshold is changed to change the power to be transmitted by the flyback converter circuit, the switch-off threshold being reduced only to a minimum value and to achieve a further Reduction of the power to be transmitted by the flyback converter circuit (3) with a fixed switch-off threshold from operation in limit mode to discontinuous operation.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
    Fig. 1 is a clocked flyback converter circuit according to a first embodiment according to the present invention.
    2 shows a diagram with signal curves of the flyback converter circuit operated in the limit operating mode according to an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention,
    3 shows a diagram with signal curves of the flyback converter circuit operated in the discontinuous operating mode according to an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention,
    4 shows a diagram with courses of control variables in limit operation and discontinuous operation.
    Fig. 5 shows a clocked flyback converter circuit according to a second embodiment according to the present invention.
    Fig. 6 shows an operating device for light emitting diodes according to an embodiment according to the present invention.
    Components with the same functions are identified in the figures with the same reference symbols.
    Fig. 1 shows a simplified circuit of a clocked flyback converter for direct operation of one or more lighting means according to a first embodiment according to the present invention. A supply voltage, which can be a direct voltage or a rectified alternating voltage, is fed to the two input connections 1, 2 of the flyback converter circuit 3 shown.
    The primary winding 4 of the transformer 5, the controllable switch 7 and a measuring resistor 8 are connected in series between the first input connection 1 and the second input connection 2. The second input terminal 2 is connected to ground. An LED segment 11, formed from a series circuit of five LEDs in the example, is connected to the two output connections 9, 10 of the flyback converter circuit 3. The secondary winding 6 of the transformer 5 and a diode 12 are connected in series between the first output connection 9 and the second output connection 10. A capacitor 13 is coupled in parallel to the output connections 9, 10. The primary and secondary windings 4, 6 of the transformer 5 have different polarity / winding direction.
    The controllable switch 7 can be a power switch, a field effect transistor or a bipolar transistor. The controllable switch 7 can be a transistor with an insulated gate electrode.
    A control unit 14 connected to the switch 7 controls the switch 7 in order to switch it on and off.
    The control unit 14 is supplied with a dimming signal D for controlling the brightness of the LED segment 11 (varying the output power) and a signal of the voltage drop across the measuring resistor 8 for detecting the current flowing through the switch 7.
    The control unit 14 can be a semiconductor integrated circuit or comprise a semiconductor integrated circuit. The control unit 14 can be used as a processor, a microprocessor,
    a controller, a microcontroller or an application-specific special circuit (ASIC, "Application Specific Integrated Circuit") or a combination of the units mentioned.
    In the case of the clocked flyback converter 3, electrical energy is transmitted between the input connections 1, 2, which are galvanically separated by means of the transformer 5, and the output connections 9, 10. For this purpose, the control unit 14 repeatedly switches the switch 7 on and off again. After switching on, the primary winding 4 of the transformer 5 has a current flowing through it, the diode 12 suppresses a current flow on the secondary side. After switching off (blocking phase), the energy stored in the primary winding 4 is emitted via the secondary winding 6 of the transformer 5 or forces a flow of current on the secondary side through the diode 12. The capacitor 13 is charged, which is connected to the output terminals 9, 10 of the flyback converter circuit 1 connected LED segment 11 lights up. The current flow on the secondary side decreases linearly and finally becomes zero in discontinuous (intermittent) operation and in limit operation before the control unit 14 switches the switch 7 on again.
    According to the present invention, the output power is dimmed or varied in a first output power range, in which the flyback converter 3 is operated in limit operation / mode, by varying the current value, up to that after the switch 7 has been switched on the current through the primary winding 4 of the transformer 5 and the switch 7 increases linearly. When this predetermined current value is reached, the switch 7 is switched off. The level of the specified current value determines the brightness in this mode.
    Fig. 2 shows a simplified representation of the timing of the current through the primary winding 4 and the switch 7 (solid line) and the current through the secondary winding 6 (dashed line) of the flyback converter operated in the limit operating mode 3. As in the diagram 2, the control unit 14 switches the switch 7 at time t; one. The current flow through the switch 7 is determined by means of the voltage dropping across the measuring resistor 8 and detected by the control unit 14.
    After switching on at time t; the current through the primary winding 4 and the switch 7 (solid line) increases linearly up to a predetermined current value Is1, which was set by the control unit 14 on the basis of the dimming signal D (power requirement).
    The control unit 14 compares the current switch current or the switch current reproducing the voltage drop across the resistor 8 with the threshold value Is and causes the switch 7 to be switched off as soon as the current through the switch 7 reaches the threshold value Is (switch-off threshold).
    At time t2, the specified current value Is, (threshold value) is reached and the control unit 14 switches the switch 7 off. The current flow through the secondary winding 6 (dashed line) begins and drops to zero at time t3, whereupon the control unit 14 switches the switch 7 on again (limit operation). Switching on again can only take place with a positive edge (zero crossing) of the coil current.
    For the cycle t1 to t3 following cycle, the control unit 14 lowered the shutdown threshold to Isz due to a reduced power requirement via the dimming signal D, so that after switching on the switch 7 at time ts, the current through the primary winding 4 and the Switch 7 (solid line) rises again, but only up to the specified current value Is », since the control unit 14 switches off switch 7 at time tı4 and again after the current through secondary winding 6 (dashed line) has dropped to zero at time ts switches on (limit operation).
    According to the present invention, when the power requirement is reduced, the shutdown threshold is only lowered to the minimum value Imin shown in the diagram in FIG. This minimum value Imin can be selected such that below this minimum switch-off threshold value, no reliable detection / detection of the low current flow through the switch 7 is possible.
    If, with a reduction in the power requirement and a corresponding lowering of the shutdown threshold, the shutdown threshold would be below the minimum value Imin, the control unit 14 changes, according to the present invention, from the limit operating mode to the discontinuous operating mode. To this end, the control unit 14 compares the switch-off threshold Is to be set in accordance with the dimming signal D with the minimum value Imin. In the discontinuous operating mode, the required further reduction in the power output by the flyback converter 3 then takes place by extending the switch-off time of the switch 7 with the switch-off threshold fixed at the minimum value Imin.
    Fig. 3 shows in a diagram the time courses of the current through the primary winding 4 and the switch 7 (solid line) and the current through the secondary winding 6 (dashed line) of the flyback converter 3 operated in the discontinuous operating mode. As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 14 switches off the switch 7 as soon as the current flowing through the switch 7 (solid line) has reached the minimum value Imin, the fixed switch-off threshold, and switches the switch 7 after the current through the secondary winding 6 has dropped (dashed line) Line) does not return to zero immediately, but only after a period of time taem set in accordance with the power to be delivered after the current of the secondary winding 6 (dashed line) has dropped to zero. In the discontinuous operating mode, the switch 7 is always switched off when the fixed switch-off threshold is reached, the output power is increased with a corresponding reduction in the duration tacm and the output power is decreased with a corresponding increase in the duration tacm.
    If, with an increase in the power requirement and a corresponding reduction in the time period tacm, this would be below a minimum value or zero, the control unit 14 changes according to the present invention from the discontinuous operating mode to the limit operating mode. For this purpose, the control unit 14 compares the duration taem to be set in accordance with the dimming signal D with the minimum value or checks whether the duration taem is zero or almost zero.
    4 illustrates the transition between the different operating modes. The diagram shown in FIG. 4 shows the threshold value Is to be set by the control unit 14 and the duration taem to be set by the control unit 14 as a function of the level of the dimming signal D supplied to the control unit 14. As can be seen in the diagram shown in FIG. 4, above a level D, x the switch-off threshold value Is to be set rises linearly with an increase in the level of the dimming signal D, while the time period tacm is zero. Below the level Dx, the switch-off threshold value Is to be set is constant or fixed at the minimum value Imin, while the time period tacm increases non-linearly as the level of the dimming signal D drops below Dx. The profiles shown can be calculated by the control unit 14 or stored beforehand in the control unit 14 in the form of a table.
    In the discontinuous operation, after switching off the switch 7, oscillations of the voltage across the primary-side coil 4 can occur due to parasitic effects. In order to avoid switching losses of the switch 7, such oscillations should be taken into account when selecting the restart time or the restart time should be selected so that at the restart time the voltage oscillation falls to a zero crossing after a voltage minimum.
    Fig. 5 shows a clocked flyback converter circuit according to a second embodiment according to the present invention, in which the transformer 5 has an auxiliary winding 15 on the primary side for detecting this voltage profile. The auxiliary winding 15 is connected to the second input connection 2 and the control device 15. In discontinuous operation, the control unit 14 uses the voltage signal generated by the auxiliary winding 15 to determine the point in time at which the voltage curve has a zero crossing after a minimum in order to switch the switch on again at this point in time.
    In the diagram shown in Fig. 3, the oscillation of the voltage signal after switching off is shown as a dotted line. If the switch 7 is to be switched on again taking into account the detected oscillation, this means, however, that the switch on again
    th of the switch 5 cannot take place at any point in time, but only at discrete time intervals, namely whenever the voltage oscillation has a zero crossing.
    If the switch 7 is not switched on again due to these voltage fluctuations and the resulting restart time at zero crossing exactly at the time determined by the control unit 14 according to the load requirement, the specified power, the specified time average value of the secondary-side output current lavg, for this restart cycle cannot be reached exactly and is lower if, for example, it is only switched back on at the next possible discrete point in time later.
    To compensate for this error, the control unit 14 can switch on the switch 7 again in the next cycle at a discrete point in time, which is before the point in time determined according to the load requirement, so that a premature switch on and a switch on again at a discrete point in time that is after the point in time determined according to the load requirement.
    The control unit 14 can be designed to measure the size of the error, i. to determine the deviation between the point in time determined according to the load requirement and the actual point in time of the restart and to trigger the premature restart from a certain size of the error. The error can be determined for only one restart cycle or accumulated for several cycles, with an early restart for the next restart cycle as soon as the accumulated error (total error) of the successive cycles reaches a certain value.
    As an alternative or in addition, the control unit 14 can continuously determine the actual current mean value lag based on the actual time of switching on again and regulate the mean current value lavyg by a corresponding adjustment / change of the time period tacm, with a difference between the specified mean current value for the last Restart cycle and the actual average current value of the last restart cycle and this difference can be added to the specified average current value for the next restart cycle.
    According to the present invention, the discontinuous operating mode and the limit operating mode can be alternated when the load formed by the LED (s) is so low that the upper shutdown threshold ls resulting from a limit operating mode would be below the specified minimum value Imin .
    This alternation can lead to a more precise current mean value lay over two restart cycles / periods, in particular in a transition area, since an excessively low current mean value resulting from the discontinuous operating mode (restart at the next possible discrete, later point in time) was too low in the subsequent limit operating mode high average current value can be compensated.
    The end of alternating operation or the transition from alternating operation to a continuous discontinuous operating mode can be triggered by means of a received control signal or be dependent on the level of the dimming signal D or the length of the period tacm of the discontinuous operating mode, with an end of alternating operation or the transition from alternating operation to a continuous discontinuous operating mode takes place when the length assumes a maximum value.
    In the same way, a transition from a further continuous discontinuous operating mode to the alternating operation can be triggered by means of a received control signal or be dependent on the level of the dimming signal D or the length of the period tacm of the discontinuous operating mode, with a start of an alternating operation or the transition from a continuous discontinuous operating mode to alternating operation takes place when the length assumes a minimum value. The minimum value and the maximum value can be the same.
    Fig. 6 shows an operating device for light emitting diodes according to an embodiment according to
    of the present invention. The operating device has the clocked flyback converter circuit shown in FIG. 5 and a rectifier consisting of a diode circuit 16 and a charging capacitor 17 for rectifying an AC voltage fed to the input connection 18. The operating device can comprise a power factor correction circuit (not shown) arranged between the diode circuit 16 and the charging capacitor 17.
    The LEDs of the LED path 11 connected to the output connections 8, 10 can be inorganic or organic LEDs. The LEDs can be connected in series or in parallel. The plurality of LEDs can also be connected in more complex arrangements, for example in a plurality of series connections connected in parallel to one another. While five LEDs are shown by way of example, the lighting means or the LED path 11 can also have more or fewer LEDs.
    The operating device can alternatively have the flyback converter circuit shown in FIG. 1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Clocked flyback converter circuit for operating one or more illuminants (11), having a controllable switch (7), a transformer (5) with a primary winding (4) which is coupled to the controllable switch (7), and a secondary winding (6 ) to which the lighting means (11) can be coupled, a control unit (14) for controlling the switch (7), and means (8) for direct or indirect detection of the current through the switch (7) when switched on and for supplying a This current reproducing signal to the control unit (14), the control unit (14) being designed to switch off the switch (7) when the signal reproducing the current has reached a changeable switch-off threshold (Is), the switch-off threshold (Is) to change to change the power transmitted by the flyback converter circuit (3), and to reduce the switch-off threshold (Is) for the current signal only to a minimum value and to achieve another Reduction of the power transmitted by the flyback converter circuit (3) with a fixed switch-off threshold (I;) passes from operation in limit mode to discontinuous operation.
    [2]
    2. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to claim 1, wherein the one or more lighting means (11) are light-emitting diodes.
    [3]
    3. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit (14) is set up so that it controls the switch (7) both in limit operation and in discontinuous operation on the basis of the supplied signal reproducing the current.
    [4]
    4. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit (14) has a comparator for comparing the signal reproducing the current with a signal representing the minimum value (lmin).
    [5]
    5. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control unit (14) can be supplied with a dimming signal (D) and the control unit (14) is set up to change the switch-off threshold (Is) in the limit operation according to the dimming signal and discontinuous operation to change the time at which the switch is switched on again according to the dimming signal (D) with a fixed switch-off threshold (Is).
    [6]
    6. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the transformer (5) has a primary-side auxiliary winding (15) to which the control unit (14) is coupled for detecting a voltage profile across the auxiliary winding (15), and the control unit (14) in the discontinuous operation, the switch is switched on again at a point in time at which this voltage has a minimum.
    [7]
    7. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to claim 6, wherein
    the control unit (14) is set up, in the discontinuous operation, to determine a point in time for switching on the switch (7) again according to the power to be transmitted and, if in a cycle, the point in time at which the voltage across the auxiliary winding (15) after a Minimum in the voltage curve is zero and at which the switch (7) was switched on, after this determined point in time, the switch (7) is in a next cycle at a point in time at which the voltage across the auxiliary winding (15) has reached a minimum in the voltage curve Is zero and which is before the determined time, switches on again.
    [8]
    8. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the control unit (14) is set up in the discontinuous operation to continuously determine an average current value delivered to the lighting means (11) on the basis of the actual time when the switch (7) is switched on again and to determine the average current value to a predetermined average current value corresponding to the power to be transmitted by changing the time of switching on again, with a difference between
    the specified average current value for a restart cycle and the actual average current value of the restart cycle are formed and this difference is added to the specified average current value for the next restart cycle.
    [9]
    9. Operating device for light emitting diodes, comprising a clocked flyback converter circuit (3) according to one of claims 1 to 8.
    [10]
    10. A method for controlling a transformer (5) having clocked flyback converter circuit (3), in which a primary winding (4) of the transformer with a controllable switch (3) and a secondary winding (2) of the transformer (5) with one or more lamps (11) is coupled with the steps:
    Driving the switch (7); and
    Detecting the current flowing through the switch (7) and generating a signal representing this current; in which
    the switch (7) is switched off when the signal indicates that the current has reached a variable switch-off threshold (Is), and
    the switch-off threshold (Is) for changing the power to be transmitted by the flyback converter circuit (3) is changed, wherein
    the switch-off threshold (Is) is only reduced to a minimum value (Imin) and to achieve a further reduction in the power to be transmitted by the flyback converter circuit (3) with a fixed switch-off threshold (Is) from operation in limit mode to discontinuous operation.
    4 sheets of drawings
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    同族专利:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015210710.8A|DE102015210710A1|2015-06-11|2015-06-11|Clocked flyback converter circuit|
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